Which term relates to the amount of energy that a sound wave carries?

The term that relates to the amount of energy that a sound wave carries is amplitude. Amplitude refers to the height of the sound wave, and it directly correlates with the energy of the sound. A sound wave with a larger amplitude carries more energy, resulting in a louder sound, while a smaller amplitude indicates less energy and a quieter sound. This fundamental principle is key in understanding how sound intensity is perceived by human ears.

In contrast, frequency relates to the number of cycles of the wave that occur in one second, affecting the pitch of the sound rather than its energy level. Loudness is a subjective perception of sound that can be influenced by amplitude, but it itself does not measure energy. Pitch pertains to how high or low a sound is, which is determined by frequency, not energy content. Thus, amplitude specifically addresses the energy carried by sound waves.