What term describes the loss of signal power over the length of a fiber optic cable?

The term that describes the loss of signal power over the length of a fiber optic cable is attenuation. This phenomenon occurs due to various factors, including absorption, scattering, and bending of the light as it travels through the optical fiber. As the signal propagates, it gradually loses strength, resulting in decreased performance and potentially a weakened signal at the receiving end.

Understanding attenuation is crucial when designing and implementing fiber optic networks, as it helps engineers to determine the maximum acceptable distance for signal transmission without significant loss, thus ensuring reliable communication. The impact of attenuation must be considered alongside other factors like the type of fiber used, connectors, and installation practices to ensure optimal performance of the fiber optic system.